The neutron flux, φ, is a scalar quantity used in nuclear physics and nuclear reactor physics. It is the total distance travelled by all free neutrons per unit time and volume. Equivalently, it can be defined as the number of neutrons travelling through a small sphere of radius ${\displaystyle R}$ in a time interval, divided by ${\displaystyle \pi R^{2}}$ (the cross section of the sphere) and by the time interval.^: 82-83 The usual unit is cm⁻²s⁻¹ (neutrons per centimeter squared per second).

The neutron fluence is defined as the neutron flux integrated over a certain time period, so its usual unit is cm⁻² (neutrons per centimeter squared). An older term used instead of cm⁻² was n.v.t. (neutrons, velocity, time).